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''The Year 1812'', festival overture in , Op. 49, popularly known as the ''1812 Overture'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/pages/The_Year_1812 )〕 is an overture written in 1880 by Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky to commemorate Russia's defense of its motherland against Napoleon's invading Grande Armée in 1812. The overture debuted in Moscow on 20 August 1882, conducted by Ippolit Al'tani under a tent near the then unfinished Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, which also memorialized the 1812 defense of Russia.〔Felsenfeld, Daniel. ''(Tchaikovsky: A Listener's Guide )'', p. 54. Amadeus Press, 2006.〕 The overture was conducted by Tchaikovsky himself in 1891 at the dedication of Carnegie Hall. The overture is best known for its climactic volley of cannon fire, ringing chimes, and brass fanfare finale. It has also become a common accompaniment to fireworks displays. The 1812 Overture became Tchaikovsky's most popular work. ==Instrumentation== The ''1812 Overture'' is scored for an orchestra that consists of the following: *Brass band〔"Open" instrumentation consisting of "any extra brass instruments" available. In some indoor performances, the part may be played on an organ. Military or marching bands also play this part.〕 (finale only) *Woodwinds: a piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 1 English horn or cor anglais, 2 clarinets in and 2 bassoons *Brass: 4 horns in F, 2 cornets in B, 2 trumpets in E, 3 trombones (2 tenor, 1 bass) and a tuba *Percussion: timpani, an orchestral bass drum, a snare drum, cymbals, a tambourine, a triangle, a carillon〔Sometimes substituted with tubular bells or recordings of carillons.〕 and a battery of cannons〔In the sections that contain cannon shots, actual cannon are sometimes replaced by recorded cannon or played on a piece of staging, usually with a large wooden mallet or sledgehammer. The bass drum and tam-tam are also regularly used in indoor performances. 〕 *Strings: first and second violins, violas, violoncellos and double basses 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1812 overture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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